European Scientific Journal, ESJ | 2019
Morbi-Mortalité des Contusions Abdominales : La Face Visible de L’iceberg
Abstract
Objectif : rapporter la morbimortalite des contusions abdominales (CA) a l’hopital national de Niamey. Patients et methode : il s’agissait d’une etude retrospective, descriptive et analytique sur 4 ans incluant les patients pris en charge pour CA a l’hopital national de Niamey. Les variables etudiees etaient le sexe, l’âge, le mode de traitement, les lesions abdominales, les lesions associees, la morbidite et la mortalite. Resultats : l’etude incluait 137 patients, soit 1,6% des urgences abdominales. Il s’agissait de 116 hommes et de 27 femmes avec un sex ratio de 5,52. L’âge moyen des patients etait de 22,09 ±12,3 ans. Le delai moyen d’admission etait de 18,4 ±26,3 heures. Les accidents de la voie publique representaient 49,64% des circonstances de survenue du traumatisme. La CA etait isolee chez 75,2% des patients et associee a une lesion extra-abdominale chez 24,8% des patients. Cette association lesionnelle realisait un polytraumatisme chez 18,9% des patients. Les lesions abdominales etaient dominees par les lesions spleniques survenues chez 38,6% des patients, suivies par les lesions de l’intestin grele chez 12,4% des patients. Une complication etait survenue chez 10,9% des patients et 6,5% des patients etaient decedes a l’hopital. La survenue de complications etait influencee par le delai d’admission et la survenue d’une peritonite (p=0,002). L’hemorragie etait la principale cause de deces. Conclusion : les CA constituent un traumatisme de l’adulte jeune de sexe masculin. La morbimortalite des CA n’est peut etre que ‘’la face visible de l’iceberg’’. Objective : to report the morbidity and the mortality of the blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) at the national hospital of Niamey. Patients and method: it was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over 4 years including patients managed for BAT at the national hospital of Niamey. The variables analyzed were the age, sex, treatment, abdominal organs injury, associated injury, morbidity and mortality. Results: the study included 137 patients, whether 1.6% of abdominal emergencies. They were 116 men and 27 women, with a sex ratio of 5.52. The average age was 22.09[±12.3] years old. The average intake time was 18.43[±26.3] hours. Car crashes accounted for 49.64% of the circumstances of the trauma. The BAT was isolated in 75.2% of patients and associated to a (34) extra-abdominal trauma in 24.8% of patients. This lesional association achieved polytrauma in 18.9% of patients. The most abdominal organ injured was spleen in 38.6% of patients followed by small intestine in 12.4% of patients. The morbidity rate was 10.9% and the intrahospital mortality rate was 6.5%. The occurrence of morbidity was influenced by the intake time and the occurrence of peritonitis (p=0.002). Hemorrhage was the leading cause of death. Conclusion: BAT are most frequent in young male adults at national hospital of Niamey. The morbimortality of BAT is perhaps ‘’the visible face of the iceberg’’.