Efficacy of horse oil on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human keratinocyte.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE\nTo investigate the efficacy of horse oil on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes.\n\n\nMETHODS\nWestern blot analysis was performed to measure the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and IκBα. ELISA was used to analyze prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels.\n\n\nRESULTS\nHorse oil decreased LPS-induced COX-2 and PGE2 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays a key role in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Therefore, we investigated the influence of horse oil on the NF-κB signaling pathways. Horse oil inhibited translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus. Furthermore, LPS-induced degradation of IκBα was recovered by horse oil. The activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) reportedly induces degradation of IκBα In agreement with this, LPS activated p38 MAPK and caused IκBα degradation. Conversely, horse oil inhibited LPS-induced p38 MAPK activation and IκBα degradation. In addition, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, blocked IκBα degradation.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nHorse oil decreased COX-2 and PGE2 by inhibiting p38 MAPK activation, IκBα degradation, and the translocation of NF-κB.