Análise da Revisão Cochrane: Reabilitação Cardíaca Baseada no Exercício na Doença Arterial Coronária. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;1:CD001800

Abstract

Coronary heart disease is the single most common cause of death globally, accounting for one-third of all deaths. However, with falling\xa0coronary heart disease mortality rates, an increasing number of people live with the disease and may need support to manage their\xa0symptoms and prognosis. A complex intervention that may involve a variety of therapies, cardiac rehabilitation includes exercise,\xa0risk factor education, behavioral change, psychological support, and strategies that are aimed at targeting traditional risk factors for\xa0cardiovascular disease. Cardiac rehabilitation is an essential part of contemporary heart disease care and is considered a priority in\xa0countries with a high prevalence of coronary heart disease. This Cochrane systematic review constitutes an update of a Cochrane\xa0review published in 2011, having identified 16 new trials (3872 participants), predominantly post-myocardial infarction and post-revascularization\xa0patients. Therefore, it included 63 randomized trials looking at the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of exercise-based\xa0cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease. The quality of the evidence ranged from low to moderate. The main results\xa0highlight the effect of cardiac rehabilitation, in comparison with absence of physical exercise, in the reduction in cardiovascular mortality,\xa0with no reduction, however, in total mortality. The overall risk of hospital admissions was reduced with cardiac rehabilitation but there\xa0was no significant impact on the risk of myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention. This\xa0paper aims to summarize and discuss the main results and conclusions of this systematic review, as well as its implications for the daily\xa0clinical practice.