An Efficient CNN Model for Automated Digital Handwritten Digit Classification

Abstract

Background: Handwriting recognition becomes an appreciable research area because of its important practical applications, but varieties of writing patterns make automatic classification a challenging task. Classifying handwritten digits with a higher accuracy is needed to improve the limitations from past research, which mostly used deep learning approaches. Objective: Two most noteworthy limitations are low accuracy and slow computational speed. The current study is to model a \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is simple yet more accurate in classifying English handwritten digits for different datasets. Novelty of this paper is to explore an efficient CNN architecture that can classify digits of different datasets accurately. Methods: The author proposed five different CNN architectures for training and validation tasks with two datasets. Dataset-1 consists of 12,000 MNIST data and Dataset-2 consists of 29,400-digit data of Kaggle. The proposed CNN models extract the features first and then performs the classification tasks. For the performance optimization, the models utilized stochastic gradient descent with momentum optimizer. Results: Among the five models, one was found to be the best performer, with 99.53% and 98.93% of validation accuracy for Dataset-1 and Dataset-2 respectively. Compared to Adam and RMSProp optimizers, stochastic gradient descent with momentum yielded the highest accuracy. Conclusion: The proposed best CNN model has the simplest architecture. It provides a higher accuracy for different datasets and takes less computational time. The validation accuracy of the proposed model is also higher than those of in past works.