Exclusive Breastfeeding Associated with the Reduction of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Toddlers with High-Risk Factors

Abstract

Introduction: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) is a disease that is the primary cause of death, especially in children. Toddlers can be prevented from developing ARI with increased immunity. Giving breast milk can increase children s immunity, but there are still children who experience ARI. This study aimed to explain the differences in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) events in toddlers who are exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed. Methods: The research design used was descriptive-comparative with a retrospective design. The population in this study were all children one to three years of age. A sample of 158 toddlers was recruited by a purposive sampling technique. Data retrieval was done with the criteria that the child had visited a public health centre (puskesmas) or integrated health care service post (posyandu), and does not suffer from a disease such as asthma or have any allergies. The variables were measured using a questionnaire and observation sheet. Data analysis was done by a chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results: The results showed that there were differences in ARI incidence in toddlers (one to three years) who were exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed with a value of p = 0.003. The air pollution factor proved to be significant, dominantly affecting the incidence of ARI. Conclusion: Differences in ARI incidence in toddlers who are exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed is possible due to air pollution factors. Key implications for nursing practice from this research are improving services, and prevent the occurrence of ARI.