Nutricion Hospitalaria | 2019
Patrones de dieta, obesidad central y concentración de lípidos séricos en adultos mexicanos
Abstract
espanolIntroduccion: los patrones de dieta (PD) analizan la relacion entre el consumo de alimentos o nutrimentos con la salud y el desarrollo de enfermedades en poblaciones. La elevada prevalencia de obesidad en adultos mexicanos se asocia con factores como el elevado consumo de ciertos grupos de alimentos y nutrimentos. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han explorado la asociacion entre los patrones dieteticos y la obesidad en adultos aparentemente sanos. Objetivo: identificar los patrones dieteticos (PD) asociados con la obesidad central (OC) y las concentraciones sericas de lipidos en adultos. Metodos: estudio longitudinal del consumo dietetico obtenido de multiples recordatorios de consumo de 24 horas. La circunferencia de cintura (CC) y las mediciones bioquimicas se obtuvieron mediante procedimientos estandarizados; los PD, por analisis del componente principal. Mediante regresion logistica se identificaron las asociaciones entre PD, OC y las concentraciones sericas de lipidos. Resultados: se identificaron tres PD: PD saludable, PD de riesgo y PD vacio. Los participantes del PD saludable presentaron menor riesgo de OC de acuerdo con los criterios de la CC (OR = 0.31, CI = 0.12, 0.82), p = 0.017, pero tambien fueron los que presentaron mayor riesgo de cifras elevadas de colesterol-LDL (OR = 2.98. CI = 1.16, 7.66), p = 0.030. No hubo asociacion estadisticamente significativa entre el PD de riesgo y el PD vacio con obesidad o sobrepeso por IMC, OC por CC o con la presencia de dislipidemias. Conclusiones: el PD saludable se asocia con un menor riesgo para OC pero con mayor riesgo de elevacion del colesterol-LDL. Se necesitan estudios longitudinales para esclarecer estas asociaciones para promover la reduccion de factores de riesgo modificables. EnglishIntroduction: dietary patterns (DP) analyse the relationship between consumption of foods or nutrients and disease or health outcomes. High prevalence of obesity in adults in Mexico is associated with factors such as high consumption of certain food groups and nutrients. However, few studies have been conducted to explore associations between dietary patterns and obesity in apparently healthy adults. Objective: to identify major dietary patterns (DP) associated with central-obesity (CO) and lipid concentrations in healthy adults. Methods: longitudinal study including usual dietary intakes derived from multiple 24-hour-recalls. Waist-circumference (WC) and biochemical measurements were obtained by standardized procedures and DP by principal component analysis. Adjusted-logistic regression was used to examine associations between DP, CO and serum-lipid concentrations. Results: three DP were identified: healthy-DP, risky-DP and empty-DP. Participants in the healthy-DP were more likely to have lower risk for central-obesity according to WC criteria (OR = 0.31, CI = 0.12, 0.82), p = 0.017, but also had the highest risk for elevated LDL-cholesterol (OR = 2.98, CI = 1.16, 7.66), p = 0.030. There was no significant association between risky and empty DP with obesity or overweight by body mass index (BMI), central-obesity by WC or serum lipid abnormalities. Conclusions: the healthy-DP is associated with lower risk for CO, with higher risk for elevated LDL-cholesterol. It is necessary to develop longitudinal studies of foods and nutritional analysis of the diet to clarify these associations, to promote the reduction of modifiable risk factors.