Profilaxis antibiótica en implantología oral. Revisión crítica de la literatura

Abstract

The high frequency of the implant procedures leads to massive use of prophylactic antibiotic treatments. These prescriptions are not indicated in the majority of the cases, are only based on the experience of the surgeon and influenced by legal reasons. Global increase in bacterial resistance to almost all known antibiotic families cause, not only an increase in the number of infections, but also severe difficulties in their management, which leads to a public health problem. Available literature regarding prophylactic antibiotic prescriptions for implant treatments shows that the administration of 2gr of amoxicillin 1 hour prior to the surgery reduces significantly early implant failure risk. However, risk of infection is not reduced. Despite this fact, indiscriminated antibiotic use is not justified and it should be restricted to patients that have proven risk of suffering from bacterial endocarditis, immunosuppressed patients, implant insertion in infected alveolous, large surgeries and regenerative surgeries due to the increased potential of mucosal dehiscence and increased risk of infection. Antibiotic