Breast reconstruction using delayed pedicled transverse rectus abdominis muscle flap with supercharging: reports of three cases.

Abstract

Breast reconstruction using a pedicled transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap is a well-established surgical procedure. Although studies suggest that transplanting this flap using a delayed method reduces the risk of partial flap necrosis, challenges persist. Hence, we present three cases of breast reconstruction using a pedicled TRAM flap with both delaying and supercharging. Patient age, excised tissue volume for mastectomy, and follow-up period were as follows: Case 1, 58 years, 429 cm3, 5 months; Case 2, 35 years, 910 cm3, 6 months; and Case 3, 56 years, 489 cm3, 4 months. One patient (Case 2) required a large flap tissue volume to achieve breast symmetry, whereas the other two (Cases 1 and 3) had long, longitudinal scars from previous cesareans sections. In a delayed surgery, the flap was partially elevated with partial dissection and no ligation of the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein (DIEAV). An artificial dermis with a silicone membrane (Teldermis®) was used to prevent adhesion of the rectus abdominal muscles and DIEAV to the surrounding tissue. Supercharging was performed by anastomosis between the ipsilateral DIEAV and internal thoracic AV. Flaps in zones I-III and in half of zone IV for Case 2, and zones I-III for Cases 1 and 3, were transferred; all survived without infection. This method allowed the transferring of a larger tissue volume compared with the conventional pedicled TRAM flap-transfer method. Thus, it may be useful for patients who require larger tissue volume or high-risk patients.