Characteristics of hypoxic tumor microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer, involving molecular patterns and prognostic signature.

Abstract

Background\nThe mechanisms of hypoxia or immune microenvironment in cancer have been studied respectively, but the role of hypoxia immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still needs further exploration.\n\n\nMethods\nBy applying the K-means algorithm, 1,121 patients with NSCLC were divided into three categories. We evaluated the constructed signature in order to link it with the prognosis, which was constructed by univariate and least absolute shrinkage operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis.\n\n\nResults\nA total of three clusters were obtained by clustering five Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and immune infiltration analysis were performed to explore the biological behavior. Cluster one presented an activated state of oncogenic pathways, and compared with the other two clusters, the median risk score was the highest, which was the reason for its poor survival. Cluster three showed that the immune pathway was active and the median risk score was the lowest, so the survival was the best. However, cluster two presented a state in which both immune and matrix pathways were activate. This was manifested as mutual antagonism, and its risk score was in the middle. Its survival was in the middle.\n\n\nConclusions\nThis work revealed the role of hypoxia related genes (HRGs) modification in tumor microenvironment, which was conducive to our comprehensive analysis of the prognosis of NSCLC, and provided direction and guidance for clinical immunotherapy.