Archive | 2021
Using Formative Research to Inform a BCC Strategy to Increase Food Security and Dietary Diversity Through a Kitchen Gardens Project in Low-Income Rural Communities
Abstract
\n Background\n\nAdequate nutrition is a public health priority, particularly in low-income rural communities where there is a high prevalence of malnutrition and stunting. Baluchistan is an arid desert and mountainous Province with the worst health indicators in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to identify current knowledge, attitudes and practices of vulnerable women with young children residing in remote areas of Balochistan and assess their information needs to guide the development of a BCC nutrition strategy materials and activities to support a Kitchen Gardens Project.\nMethods\n\nThe needs assessment incorporated formative research via eight focus group discussions with demand and supply-side program beneficiaries (n\u2009=\u2009124) to assess current nutrition knowledge, attitudes and beliefs toward kitchen gardens and proposed nutrition resources. Semi-structured interviews (n\u2009=\u200916) were also conducted with key stakeholders. A literature review supported the development of discussion agenda based on predominant behavioural theories. Data analysis was conducted with NVivo qualitative software coupled with grounded theory with triangulation of findings\nResults\n\nOpportunities categories for BCC identified more effective nutrition education, incentives of improved income and livelihoods from kitchen gardens, women’s empowerment and gender equality. Challenges included traditional cultural practices, entrenched food preparation behaviours, environmental and infrastructural constraints.\nConclusions\n\nLessons learned highlight the benefits of integrating a rapid assessment formative research method with a literature review including behavioural theories for BCC resource development for nutrition programs in culturally conservative, insecure and resource constrained settings.