Distance to Highway and Factory Density Related to Lung Cancer Death and Associated Spatial Heterogeneity in Effects in Jiading District, Shanghai

Abstract

\n Objective\n\nThis study aimed to explore distance to highway and factory density related to lung cancer (LC) death and their spatial heterogeneity in effect.\nMethods\n\nWe conducted a retrospective cohort study by using the data of registered LC patients in Jiading District from 2002 to 2012. Standard parametric model with weibull distribution was used to explore factors related to LC death and the spatial effect of environmental factors were detected by using spatial survival analysis.\nResults\n\nShorter distance to highway (aOR\u2009=\u20091.15, 95% CI:1.03–1.30) and higher factory density (aOR\u2009=\u20091.20, 95% CI:1.05–1.37) were significantly associated with increased risks of LC death, and the associations showed spatial differences in northern and southern areas of Jiading District, respectively. High-risk areas were mainly distributed in the suburbs with a low population density, while low-risk areas were primarily located in the urban areas.\nConclusion\n\nTraffic and factory-related pollution was significantly associated with increased risk of LC death with an obvious spatial heterogeneity.