Association of ACE I/D Gene Polymorphism and Related Risk Factors in Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes: A Study Among Two Tribal Populations of North-East India.

Abstract

\n AIMType 2 diabetes is a serious public health concern in India, even the indigenous tribal populations are not felt unaffected. The present study aims to understand the association of major risk factors i.e obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, ACE I/D polymorphism with impaired (IFG) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among two different Mendelian populations of North East India. METHODDemographic, somatometric and physiological variables along with fasting blood samples were collected from 609 individuals. ACE I/D polymorphism was screened. RESULTACE I/D polymorphism was found to follow HWE among Liangmai tribe but not among Mizo tribe. Distribution of DD genotype/D allele was found to be significantly higher for T2D among Mizo (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.10-4.39, OR 2.10;1.16-4.09 respectively ).Significant association between DD genotype/D allele of ACE I/D polymorphism and TC in both IFG (OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.14-4.32) and T2D (OR 2.53;95%CI 1.51-4.23) were observed . LDL was also found to posed significant risk for IFG (OR 2.10;95% CI 1.10-3.91) and T2D (OR 1.04; 95%CI 1.02-1.06). CONCLUSIONThe present study is an example of gene-environment interaction where DD genotype or D allele and dyslipidemia (high TC and high LDL) are posing risk for IFG and T2D both independently and in combination only among Mizo tribe with relatively less physical activity attributed to their residence in less hilly terrain, but Liangmai tribe which resides in high hilly terrain shows no such association.