Spatiotemporal Trends of the Global Burden of Melanoma in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019: Results From the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study

Abstract

Background: The latest global melanoma disease burden and changes are rarely reported, which is important for developing potential strategies to reduce the melanoma-related burden. The aim of this study was to examine the variations and trends in the burden of melanoma between 1990 and 2019. \n \nMethods: We extracted detailed data about melanoma from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study in 204 countries and territories. Detailed data includes the number of melanoma incident cases, deaths, DALYs, and age-standardized rates. We calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to quantify the temporal trends of the age-standardized rates of melanoma, and analyzed the influential factors of EAPCs by Spearman correlation. \n \nFindings: From 1990 to 2019, the incidence of melanoma cases increased by 170% to 289 950, death increased by 90% to 62 840, and DALYs increased by 67% to 1 707 800 globally. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of melanoma increased globally by an average of 1 · 13 (95% CI, 0·93-1·32) while the ASRs of mortality and DALYs both declined with the EAPC of -0·27(95% CI, -0·36 to -0·19) and -0·49(95% CI, -0·57 to -0·41), respectively. In 2019, the highest burden of melanoma was observed in high SDI regions , especially Australasia (ASIR=43·36/100 000) and High-income North America regions (ASIR=16·62/100 000). The increasing trend in ASIR was observed in most countries (159/204) , with the highest increase in South Korea, followed by Belarus and Guatemala. However, decreasing or stable trends in ASRs of mortality and DALYs were detected in almost half of countries (102/204; 117/204) except for the low-middle SDI regions such as Guatemala. \n \nInterpretation: The variations and trends of melanoma burde n differed greatly across the world. Albeit the overall ASRs of mortality and DALYs declined, the ASIR of melanoma incrementally rose in most countries, which implies more targeted strategies should be taken for areas and groups with relatively higher burden. \n \nFunding Information: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development program of China (grant number: 2017YFC0907003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers: 81973116 and 81573229), and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (grant number: ZR2020QH302). \n \nDeclaration of Interests: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest. \n \nEthics Approval Statement: Ethics approval was exempted by the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, because the GBD 2019 study is a publicly available database and all data were anonymous. My study does not involve human subjects.