The Effects of Low Pressure Domiciliary Non-Invasive Ventilation on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Severe COPD Regardless Having Hypercapnia

Abstract

Background The effectiveness of non-invasive home ventilation in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is lacking. Non-invasive home ventilation might be more effective when high ventilator settings are used. However, high ventilator settings might reduce patient adherence. We have developed a multidisciplinary approach (ventilation practitioners, 24 hours support of respiratory nurses, physicians) to non-invasive ventilation aimed at optimizing patient adherence using low ventilator settings in severe COPD patients with high disease burden irrespectively having hypercapnia. Methods We included in a proof of concept, prospective interventional study, 48 GOLD stage III–IV COPD patients with a high disease burden (≥2 exacerbations in a year, and Medical Research Council dyspnea scores ≥3). Outcome measures included hospital admissions, capillary pCO2, Medical Research Council dyspnea scores (MRC), Clinical COPD Questionnaire scores (CCQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results After 1 year 32 patients could be evaluated. Hospital admissions decreased by 1.0 admission (mean difference ± SD: 1.0 ± 1.48; p = 0.001). In-hospital days decreased by 10.0 days (10.0 ± 15.48; p = 0.001). Capillary pCO2 decreased by 0.33 kPa (0.33 ± 0.81: p = 0.03). The MRC dyspnea score decreased by 0.66 (0.66 ± 1.35; p = 0.02). The CCQ score decreased by 0.59 (0.59 ± 1.39; p = 0.03). The HADS anxiety score decreased by 1.64 (1.64 ± 3.12; p = 0.01). The HADS depression score decreased by 1.64 (1.64 ± 3.91; p = 0.04). Conclusion A proof of concept multidisciplinary approach, using low pressure domiciliary non-invasive ventilation, aimed at optimizing patient adherence in severe COPD patients regardless having hypercapnia, reduced hospital admissions and improved symptoms and quality of life measures. This may imply that severe COPD patients with high disease burden, irrespective being hypercapnic, are candidates to be treated with low pressure domiciliary non-invasive ventilation.