Clinical Course and Outcome of ESRD Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis Infected with COVID-19: A Single-Center Study

Abstract

Background In an ESRD subset of patients, COVID-19 infection is associated with increased disease burden and higher mortality rates. Methods We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study in which 43 ESRD patients had a diagnosis of COVID-19. Association of risk factors with mortality was assessed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Data were collected on a structured performa which included variables like age, gender, comorbid conditions, drug history, clinical presentation, hemodynamic status and laboratory parameters. Outcome variables were recovery and death. All patients received standard treatment for COVID-19 according to hospital protocols, along with hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) when needed. Results Those most affected were found to be male, 25 (58.1%), while the number of females affected was 18 (41.9%). The most frequent comorbid condition was hypertension (HTN), seen in 35 (81.4%) patients; however, thromboembolic complications were very few in these patients. The mortality rate in our study was 25.6%, and the population most susceptible to poor outcomes in the ESRD subgroup was elderly people (45.5%), while younger patients recovered the most from COVID-19 (53.1%). Hypoalbuminemia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia and raised LDH were also found to be associated with death in ESRD patients suffering from COVID-19 (81.8, 72.7, 100 and 100%, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that the odds ratio of dying from COVID-19 was 19.5 times higher in patients aged >65 years as compared to patients aged 18–50 years (p=0.039). Similarly, patients with a high TLC were 24.1 times more likely to die than patients with a normal TLC (p=0.008). Conclusion In our center, the mortality rate of ESRD patients affected with COVID-19 disease was 25.6%, and older age, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia and high LDH were significantly associated with mortality.