Распространенность факторов риска развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у детей и подростков по данным центров здоровья

Abstract

Objective. To estimate frequency of overweight, obesity, high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia in children and adolescents – visitors of health centers. Material and methods. In a cross-sectional retrospective study there were analyzed different data: height, weight, arterial pressure, total cholesterol level in blood samples of 70.001 children (36.097 boys) aged 6–17 years from 17 regions of Russia. Overweight and obesity were determined by the WHO`s diagnostic criteria, z-score tables of body mass index, taking into account gender and age. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed as total cholesterol level > 5,2 mmol/l, high blood pressure as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure > 95‰ of blood pressure curve in the population with the corresponding age, gender and height. Results. Frequency of overweight, obesity, high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia were 18.2%, 6.9%, 5.2% and 3.0% in boys and 15.9%, 5.3%, 4.8% and 4.1% in girls. Frequency of hypercholesterolemia exceeded standard values in 17 regions of Russian Federation (3.5%), in Perm Territory (18.8%), Chuvash Republic (6.9%) and Vladimir Region (8.5%). The maximum frequency of overweight and obesity was observed in the Perm Territory – 39.1% and 17.1%. Frequency of high blood pressure exceeded average values in 17 regions of Russian Federation (4.9%) twice – in Voronezh Region (10.6%) and three times in Khanty-Mansyisk–Yugra Region (15.2%). Conclusion. This data confirm the necessity of prevention intensification of cardiovascular disease, life-style modification and food habits in those regions of Russia with high frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents.