Asupan Kalsium dan Fosfor Berkaitan dengan Karies Gigi pada Anak Sekolah

Abstract

This study aims to determine the relationship between calcium and phosphorus intake with dental caries of school children. This study was an observational study with a cross sectional design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, with a total sample of 96 subjects. This research was conducted in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurussalam, Ngawi starting from April - May 2019. Data on dental caries status (DMF-T index) was obtained by dental examination by a dentist. Data on calcium and phosphorus intake were obtained by direct interviews regarding the amount and type of intake using the Semi-Quantitative Food frequency Quesionaire (SQFFQ) form and the 24 hour food recall form. Calcium and phosphorus data were processed using Nutrisurvey software and the Indonesian Food Composition Table (TKPI). Chi-square statistical tests were used to analyze the relationship between calcium and phosphorus intake and dental caries. The majority of MI students who experience caries are aged 10 and 11 years. Calcium and phosphorus intake of subjects was classified as inadequate (77,1% and 59,4%). There was a significant relationship between calcium intake with dental caries p = 0,031 (0,05) and phosphorus intake with dental caries p = 0,029 (0,05). Adequate intake of calcium and phosphorus can reduce the risk of dental caries in children.\xa0Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan kalsium dan fosfor dengan karies gigi anak sekolah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sample sebanyak 96 subjek. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurussalam, Ngawi mulai dari bulan April - Mei 2019. Data status karies gigi (indeks DMF-T) diperoleh dengan melakukan pemeriksaan gigi oleh dokter gigi. Data asupan kalsium dan fosfor diperoleh dengan wawancara langsung mengenai jumlah dan jenis asupan menggunakan form Semi-Quantitative Food frequency Quesionaire (SQFFQ) dan form food recall 24 hours. Data kalsium dan fosfor diolah menggunakan software Nutrisurvey dan Tabel Komposisi Pangan Indonesia (TKPI). Uji statistik Chi-square digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan anatar asupan kalsium dan fosfor dengan karies gigi. Mayoritas Siswa MI yang mengalami karies adalah usia 10 dan 11 tahun. Asupan kalsium dan fosfor subjek masih tergolong kurang (77,1% dan 59,4%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan kalsium dengan karies gigi p=0,031 (0,05) dan asupan fosfor dengan karies gigi p=0,029 (0,05). Asupan kalsium dan fosfor yang cukup dapat menurunkan resiko karies gigi pada anak. \xa0