Artificial Intelligence, Big data and Machine Learning approaches in Preci-sion Medicine & Drug Discovery.

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence revolutionizes the drug development process that can quickly identify potential biologically active compounds from millions of candidate within a short span of time. The present review is an overview based on some applications of Machine Learning based tools such as GOLD, DeepPVP, LIBSVM, etc and the algorithms involved such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), decision trees and artificial neural networks (ANN) etc in the various stages of drug designing and development. These techniques can be employed in SNP discoveries, drug repurposing, ligand-based drug design (LBDD), Ligand-based Virtual Screening (LBVS) and Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS), Lead identification, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling, and ADMET analysis. It is demonstrated that SVM exhibited better performance in indicating that the classification model will have great applications on human intesti-nal absorption (HIA) predictions. Successful cases have been reported which demonstrate the efficiency of SVM and RF model in identifying JFD00950 as a novel compound targeting against a colon cancer cell line, DLD-1 by inhibition of FEN1 cytotoxic and cleavage activity. Furthermore, a QSAR model was also used to predicts flavonoid inhibitory effects on AR activity as a potent treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM), using ANN. Hence, in the era of big data, ML approaches evolved as a powerful and efficient way to deal with the huge amounts of generated data from modern drug discovery in order to model small-molecule drugs, Gene Biomarkers, and identifying the novel drug targets for various diseases.