Advancements in ultra-sensitive nanoelectronic biosensors for medical applications

Abstract

\n\nSensing devices own a vital role to support medical needs for early recognition and diagnosis of diseases. In the past half century, researchers have developed many biosensors for suitable applications, but only limited number of biosensors is commercially available. The biosensors are the biological recognition devices with high target specificity and high sensitivity leading to commercialization and wider acceptability in the existing market of health care industries. The nano sized materials are indispensable in the biomedical field because of its captivating characteristics like increased surface area and novel quantum effects. Nanoscale materials are very close to biological molecules in size and own good specificity when used in biosensors. An overview about the working principles of various commonly used biosensors will be presented and special emphasis is given to graphene based biosensors to monitor the interaction of biological molecules. Graphene being one of the most superior nanocomposite provides opportunity for best sensing platform in the field of bioanalysis. The supremacy of Graphene and GFET devices in biosensors for the analyzing the biological samples and to provide consistent data is investigated using simulation tool. Meanwhile the performance behavior of nano-biosensors based on its dimensional influence is also explored. This review may provide a constructive guidance for examining the interfacial interaction between nano composites and tiny biological components to impart knowledge or to regulate things based on the application chosen.\n