Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of the Dillenia suffrutico sa Leaves against the Lung (A549) and Cervical (CaSki) Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

\n\nDillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Mart. has been traditionally used to promote wound healing, relieve\nrheumatism, fever and some cancerous growths. The leaves of the local variety of D. suffruticosa lack scientific studies on\nits biological applications in the context of antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.\n\n\n\n To evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of the leaves of D. suffruticosa from Brunei\nDarussalam.\n\n\n\n The leaves were extracted using 80% (v/v) methanol, 80% (v/v) ethanol and aqueous. The antioxidant capacities\nwere determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothia\nzoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The FolinCiocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric assays were also used to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents.\nThe antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the extracts were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and MTT (3-\n(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell proliferation assays.\n\n\n\n The methanolic extract of the D. suffruticosa leaves displayed the highest antioxidant activity despite having\ncomparable phenol content when extracted using the ethanol extraction solvent. The methanolic extract also demonstrated\nantibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 50 mg/mL or above. The cytotoxicity of the methanolic\nextract was higher against the CaSki cell line than the A549 lung cancer cell line in the first 24 h but became more cytotoxic\nagainst A549 than CaSki at 48 h and 72 h.\n\n\n\n Our findings suggest that the methanolic extract of the leaves of D. suffruticosa from Brunei Darussalam has\nsignificant antioxidant and antibacterial activity against S. aureus and moderate cytotoxicity against A549 and CaSki cell\nlines.\n