Brote de infección respiratoria aguda grave, Santo Domingo Norte, República Dominicana, agosto 2016

Abstract

espanolAntecedentes: se realizo la investigacion con el objetivo de determinar el alcance de un brote de infeccion respiratoria aguda grave, ocurrido en el municipio de Santo Domingo Norte en Republica Dominicana. Los objetivos de la investigacion fueron examinar las caracteristicas epidemiologicas y descriptivas de los casos, generar hipotesis (posible fuente de infeccion), tomar muestras para diagnostico por laboratorio e implementar medidas de control. Metodos: estudio descriptivo de un brote epidemico por infeccion respiratoria aguda grave. Se evaluaron variables sociodemograficas, signos y sintomas, datos de laboratorio y evolucion clinica de los afectados. Se realizo busqueda activa y se adoptaron medidas de contencion. Resultados: se detectaron 22 casos, teniendo al hacinamiento como principal factor de riesgo. No hubo defunciones. La poblacion mas afectada correspondio a menores de un ano de edad con un 50%. La afectacion fue igual en ambos sexos. Conclusion: el aislamiento de virus sincitial respiratorio, parainfluenza y adenovirus tipo 3 en muestras respiratorias confirmo la presencia de un brote. Destacamos la necesidad de intensificar la vigilancia y aplicar recomendaciones de vacunacion en personas con factores de riesgo, especialmente en la poblacion infantil. EnglishBackground: the investigation was conducted with the objective of determining the scope of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory infection, occurred in the municipality of Santo Domingo Norte in the Dominican Republic. The objectives of the research were to examine the epidemiological and descriptive characteristics of the cases, generate hypotheses (possible source of infection), take samples for laboratory diagnosis and implement control measures. Methods: descriptive study of an epidemic outbreak due to severe acute respiratory infection. Sociodemographic variables, signs and symptoms, laboratory data and clinical evolution of those affected were evaluated. Active search was carried out and containment measures were adopted. Results: 22 cases were detected, with overcrowding as the main risk factor. There were no deaths. The most affected population corresponded to children under one year of age with 50%. The affectation was the same in both sexes. Conclusion: the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and adenovirus type 3 in respiratory samples confirmed the presence of an outbreak. We emphasize the need to intensify surveillance and apply vaccination recommendations for people with risk factors, especially in children.