Características clínico epidemiológicas de los casos de tuberculosis infantil diágnosticados en el Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral 2007-2012

Abstract

espanolIntroduccion: la TB infantil es considerada como un evento centinela de transmision de la enfermedad y su control no ha sido una prioridad. Republica Dominicana es un pais de elevada incidencia de TB y los datos reportados de TB infantil apuntan a una baja deteccion de casos y un sub diagnostico. Objetivo: conocer las caracteristicas clinico epidemiologicas de los casos de Tuberculosis infantil diagnosticados en el Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral. 2007- 2012. Metodos: estudio descriptivo. Se revisaron los expedientes clinicos de los pacientes menores de 15 anos de edad diagnosticados y seguidos en el programa de tuberculosis infantil del Hospital Infantil Robert Reid Cabral en los anos 2007-2012. Resultados: se evaluaron 249 pacientes, 81% con diagnostico de TB infantil y 19% con Infeccion Latente por Tuberculosis. 56.2% tenia menos de 5 anos de edad y 61.4% tenian cicatriz de vacuna BCG. 63.5% de los casos referia el contacto con un caso de Tuberculosis, y en el 70.0% era intradomiciliario. La manifestacion pulmonar represento el 63.4% de los casos TB y el 27.3% tenian baciloscopia positiva. Conclusion: existen diferencias importantes en el diagnostico y manejo de la tuberculosis infantil y la TB en el adultos. Estas deben ser considerados en la implementacion de estrategias para el control; con acciones integradas, un enfoque orientado no solo al nino, sino tambien a la familia y tomando en consideracion los determinantes sociales EnglishObjective: to know the clinical epidemiological characteristics of cases of childhood Tuberculosis diagnosed in the Dr. Robert Reid Cabral Children’s Hospital 2007- 2012 Methods: descriptive study. We reviewed the clinical records of patients under 15 years of age diagnosed and followed in the childhood tuberculosis program of the Robert Reid Cabral Children’s Hospital in the years 2007-2012 Background: childhood TB is considered a sentinel event of transmission of the disease and its control has not been a priority. The Dominican Republic is a country with a high incidence of TB and the reported data on childhood TB point to a low detection of cases and a sub-diagnosis Results: 249 patients were evaluated, 81% with a diagnosis of childhood TB and 19% Latent Tuberculosis Infection. 56.2% had less than 5 years of age and 61.4% had BCG vaccine scar. 63.5% of the cases referred to the contact with a case of Tuberculosis, and in 70.0% it was intradomiciliary. Pulmonary manifestation represented 63.4% of TB cases and 27.3% had smear positive. Conclusion: there are important differences in the diagnosis and management of childhood tuberculosis and TB in adults, these should be considered in the implementation of strategies for control; with integrated actions, an approach oriented not only to the child, but also to the family and taking into consideration the social determinants.