Градостроительные парадоксы «Genius loci» в историческом центре Санкт-Петербурга

Abstract

The state of the urban environment in the center of St. Petersburg is considered by the authors from the standpoint of the landscape approach . Particular attention is paid to the role of open spaces, which form the basis of the urban planning structure. The radical nature of the damage inflicted on the center s ensembles in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries is underlined. Insufficient attention to the intra-quarter environment is noted, examples of neglect of the unique heritage are given. The controversial nature of the thesis about the unique degree of preservation of the historical buildings of St. Petersburg , included in the St. Petersburg strategy for the preservation of cultural heritage is shown. The proposed materials allow us to assert that the landscapes of the historical center of St. Petersburg underwent radical changes in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries and the huge resources of the historical heritage are not fully used. The article notes that urban planners, the general public, and the city administration show a fragmented approach to the city s landscape, attention is focused on the silhouette of the skyline of St. Petersburg, the appearance of high-rise buildings in the field of view of the historic center is painfully perceived. Other components of city panoramas are viewed only spontaneously. When addressing issues of urban development, there is a lack of scientific research, so the basis for the analysis of landscape components consists of postcard views of the city. It is noted that issues of identity in architecture attract attention in connection with the formation of new buildings, but they are just as relevant for historical cities, the appearance of which is being changed by urbanization. It is proposed to develop a program for a more complete and active use of the landscape potential for the sustainable development of the city.