On the Revival of Rural Settlements in the Light of Traditional Cultural Ecology

Abstract

In this paper, Cultural Ecology theory is applied to explore the traditional settlement of the concept of ecological housing, spatial pattern, ecological system, environmental construction and survival wisdom of traditional cultural accumulation. It provides theoretical guidance for the construction and development of rural areas, and provides enlightenment and reference for the revival of rural settlements. Today, the development and revival of traditional settlements have once again become the focus of the Chinese people. The transformation and planning of traditional settlements are in full swing. Under this background, villagers hope to bring about economic income and life improvement through rural tourism services. For the sake of economic development, the local government is rushing around to improve the living security of the villagers and the village environment. The rural planning and design team in the city goes to the countryside without hesitation to cooperate with and support the rural planning and construction. These factors make the rural settlements lively and full of vitality again. Subsequently, a large number of social capital poured into here, a variety of new ideas, ideas also followed into the countryside. However, due to the limitations of ideology, management level, planning skills and short-sighted economic benefits, blind and hasty development has exposed many problems: the neglect of the traditional cultural and ecological connotation of rural settlements leads to the gradual disappearance of settlement characteristics. Mutual copying of the surface of the business model makes the phenomenon of homogenization serious. The ecological environment of the settlement was trampled and the local architectural style was lost. These factors not only cause huge waste of social resources, but also seriously damage the cultural and ecological environment of traditional settlements. Based on the theory of traditional cultural ecology , this paper analyzes the overall structure of traditional settlements and extracts the essence of traditional culture for reference. It is hoped that the planning and development of villages will emerge from the confused predicament. Taking the traditional cultural ecology as the core, it seeks enlightenment for the survival and revival of traditional villages. 1. Ecological and Morphological Integrity of Traditional Villages The rural settlements in China are the epitome of the development of agricultural culture. Its ecological and morphological integrity is the long-standing wisdom of the ancestors crystallization. 2019 International Conference on Education, Management, Social Science and Humanities Research (EMSSHR 2019) Published by CSP © 2019 the Authors 80 In and the nature of the temper, generation after generation of people gradually inherited is continuing today. They are like an old tree with luxuriant branches and leaves, deeply rooted in the soil filled with nostalgia . It has an ecological and morphological integrity in the selection of residential environment, the construction of spatial pattern and long-term survival and management. 1.1 Selection of Ecological Base Sites When it comes to site selection, feng shui has to be mentioned. The ancient Chinese had their own unique standard for choosing a livable environment, namely feng shui.It has become a complete theoretical system. Although it contains many superstitious elements, it contains a lot of simple scientific principles. For a long time, domestic and foreign experts in the field of architectural history are often puzzled by a problem. That is to say,Chinese ancient architecture is scientific in dealing with the space environment as a whole, in the combination of human landscape and natural landscape, and in the layout of large-scale building groups. Wang Qiheng, an expert in ancient architecture, believes that Fengshui is a comprehensive and systematic theory of ancient architecture planning and design, which integrates geology, geography, ecology, landscape, architecture, ethics and aesthetics. Influenced by the behavior of farming culture and its development, the long-term practical experience accumulated by the ancients when they chose the living environment was the factor of comprehensive investigation and consideration. And in accordance with the scientific elements of environmental ecology. With Sunshine, ventilation, water intake, drainage, water logging prevention, traffic, irrigation, wage collection, blocking cold current, soil and water conservation, moisture vegetation, aquaculture, adjusting the microclimate. And it is convenient to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, by-products, fisheries and a range of other advantages. 1.2 Construction of spatial pattern 1.2.1 Integrate with the natural mountains and water The living environment of Chinese people is always in harmony, unity, induction and integration with the natural landscape, and regards it as the unity of perfection and beauty. Chinese people advocate nature, infatuated with mountains and the water, yearn for the integration with nature. We regard the landscape as the independent esthetic object, as well as expresses the natural beauty the cultural carrier. The integration of Mountain, water and human has become an important aesthetic psychology in appreciating nature. 1.2.2 Create the layout of human habitation culture The traditional settlement pattern fully embodies the spiritual realm and lofty ideals of the ancients, and embodies the existence and value of oneself between mountains and water. Place your living space in the landscape pattern. Cultivate one s morality, cultivate one s mind, and cultivate one s landscape personality, which is One s character that does not adapt to the world when one is young. Born to love the nature of the scenery . The ancients tried their best to mold the beauty of the image of the settlement environment by the beauty of natural scenery, local culture, humanistic spirit, blood relationship and geographical ties. It constructs the space pattern which is fresh and simple, contains the natural vitality and the humanities emotion. 1.3 The formation of natural villages In the economic foundation with farming civilization as the background, traditional settlements