Archive | 2021
Вероятные механизмы патогенеза COVID-19
Abstract
This review paper focuses on the search for innovative directions in the study of COVID\xad19 viral infection with the\xa0purpose of improving the methods of its treatment and vaccination. Thus far, comprehensive data have been obtained on\xa0the ability of nonretroviral RNA viruses, including those replicated in the cytoplasm, to integrate fragments of their genomes into the host DNA. This mechanism provided by the reverse\xa0 transcriptase and integrase of endogenous retroelements leads to the persistence of nonretroviral RNA viruses\xa0 through the expression of viral proteins by the host genome,\xa0which may serve as a prerequisite for the survival of such viruses. DNA integration events play a role in the development\xa0of both the immunological response and protective antiviral responses through the RNA interference system. These\xa0mechanisms may depend on the phylogenetically ancient fossils of nonretroviral RNA sequences in animal genomes.\xa0The discovery of SARS-CoV-2 fragments in COVID\xad19 recovered patients suggests that the pathogenesis of this disease\xa0may be associated with the integration of SARS-CoV-2 genome fragments in the human genome by means of proteins of\xa0endogenous retroviral elements. This assumption can be confirmed by the data about the development in older patients\xa0of predominantly severe forms of COVID\xad19 with “hyperactive” immune reactions, which normally weaken with ageing. This may be attributed to age\xadrelated abnormal activation of\xa0 retrocells, which contribute to reverse transcription\xa0and integration of exogenous viruses. This assumption is supported by the presence of coronavirus components in the\xa0nuclei of infected cells and the change in the expression of LINE\xad1 in the lung tissue cells of SARS patients. Due to the\xa0probable role of retrocells in the COVID\xad19 pathogenesis, LINE\xad1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors and targeted therapy\xa0using microRNAs may be offered as promising treatments for COVID\xad19.