Audit of Disaster Communication on TVOne Kabar Petang Program

Abstract

This study aims to carry out a disaster communication audit of Kabar Petang (Evening News) Program on the TVOne in the May-June 2019 period. This study uses the SMCR theory and the concept of disaster communication, the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of Disaster Communication, and the Guide to Broadcasting Behavior and Standards of Broadcasting Programs issued by the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI). This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques including content analysis, observation, a document study, and validity test through an interview with KPI as a source. The results of this study constitute the findings of disaster communication audit of disaster broadcast on TVOne, part of which has followed the Guide to Broadcasting Behavior and the Standards of Broadcasting Program issued by the KPI, SMCR theory, and has used disaster communication dimensions, and SOP for Disaster Communication. There are some findings that are not yet suitable, namely: (1) the repetition of a video clip showing the sufferings of victims; (2) the absence of competent resource persons in the field of disaster; and (3) the broadcast of affected people’s panic. This research provides recommendations to broadcasting institution TVOne, the government, and media workers to convey educational broadcast messages based on competent sources in the field of disaster so that the community is ready to survive the natural disaster. Keyword: Disaster Communication; Kabar Petang, TVOne; Standard Operating Procedure; Indonesian Broadcasting Commission Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan melaksanakan audit komunikasi bencana pada program acara Kabar Petang di TVOne periode Mei-Juni 2019. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori SMCR dan menggunakan konsep komunikasi bencana, SOP Komunikasi Bencana, Pedoman Perilaku Penyiaran dan Standar Program Siaran Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia (KPI). Metode yang digunakan ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data berupa analisis isi, observasi, studi dokumen, dan uji validitas melalui wawancara sumber KPI. Hasil penelitian, berupa temuan audit komunikasi bencana tentang penyiaran bencana di TVOne, sebagian sudah sesuai dengan Pedoman Perilaku Penyiaran dan Standar Program Siaran Komisi Penyiaran, teori SMCR, menggunakan dimensi komunikasi bencana, dan SOP Komunikasi Bencana. Ada beberapa temuan yang belum sesuai yaitu: (a) adanya pengulangan potongan video penderitaan; (b) belum menyertakan narasumber yang kompeten di bidang kebencanaan; dan (c) adanya siaran tentang kepanikan masyarakat terdampak. Penelitian ini memberikan KOMUNIKASI E-ISSN: 2503-0795 P-ISSN: 2548-8740 Puji Lestari/Audit of Disaster Communication on TVOne Kabar Petang Program 117 rekomendasi kepada pihak lembaga penyiaran TVOne, pemerintah, dan pekerja media agar memberikan pesanpesan siaran edukatif berdasarkan narasumber kompeten di bidang kebencanaan sehingga masyarakat siap selamat dari bencana alam. Keyword: Komunikasi Bencana; Kabar Petang; TVOne; Prosedur Standar Operasi; Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia Introduction Indonesia is a disaster-prone country which has the largest number of active volcanoes in the world (Asteria, 2016; Widodo, Nugroho, & Asteria, 2018). One of the volcanoes that are still active today is Mount Sinabung, located in Karo Regency, North Sumatra (Kusumayudha, Lestari, & Paripurno, 2018). In May 2019, Sinabung erupted, sending volcanic material as high as 2000 meters into the sky (Lestari, Kertamukti, & Ruliana, 2019). Since then, news about Mount Sinabung has widely spread on the television. News journalists scrambled for content and spread it quickly without paying attention to the principles of disaster journalism (Juditha, 2016). This prompted the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) to reprimand TVOne. TVOne clearly broadcast the body of a victim without clothes without censoring it (Noviani, 2015). This blatantly violates the Broadcasting Code of Conduct and the Standards of KPI Broadcast Program, section four article 25 concerning disaster coverage, which, among others, bans journalists from using the images of disaster victims (the Indonesian Broadcast Commission, 2016). News broadcasts on disasters must follow the Broadcasting Code of Conduct, namely: (1) paying attention to the process of the victims’ and their families’ recovery during the coverage of affected subjects; (2) not adding to the trauma of victims and/or families; (3) broadcasting a picture of the victim in a state of suffering; (4) not disrupting emergency response workers while rescuing victims who may still be alive; (5) not using the pictures of victims who are suffering to broadcast them repeatedly. To broadcat news on disasters TV stations should remain in the position that the messages could clearly be conveyed to the public (Lukmiyati, 2015). Public understanding of the information received is measured by a media evaluation called a communication audit (Panghegar, 2013). A disaster communication audit is important to ensure that information is distributed quickly and accurately, and is understood by the public. Researchers have conducted a joint communication audit research, along with Dian Ramadani (Dian Ramadani, Puji Lestari, 2015). The research is titled: Communication Audit of the Yogyakarta chapter of the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi). This study aims to analyze the process of conducting an audit of organizational communication at walhi chapter in Yogyakarta, with an emphasis on improving organizational systems to increase organizational effectiveness. This study uses organizational information theory with a descriptive qualitative method approach, in which the researchers explain in details facts and events, phenomena, and conditions regarding organizational communication systems at Walhi chapter in Yogyakarta systematically, for further analysis. Ramadani Research (Dian Ramadani, Puji Lestari, 2015) found out that the communication established at Walhi chapter in Yogyakarta has been going well, as indicated by five units of analysis, namely organization, information content, management, communication processes or communication activities and feedback. The results of the study found that openness vertically and horizontally plays a very great role in increasing the success of organizational performance. The research currently conducted by researchers on communication audits bears similarities to the previous research carried out by Ramadani particularly when it comes to research objectives and ways of collecting data by directly observing the subjects of research. The difference rests with the objects of research. The second such study was conducted by Nurdin (Nurdin, Cangara, & Sultan, 2014) on Communication Audit of the 150 KV MarosSungguminasa Development Socialization Program of PT. PLN (Persero) Pikitring Sulmapa. This study aims to audit the socialization of the planned construction of the 150 KV Maros-Sungguminasa PT. PLN (Persero) Pikitring Sulmapa by the socialization team to the government, community landowners, and affected community as well as Puji Lestari/Audit of Disaster Communication on TVOne Kabar Petang Program 118 obstacles to the construction of the development project. This research is a case study with a communication audit approach. The methods of data collection include interviews, questionnaires, and document studies. Data were analyzed using analytical techniques developed by the International Communication Association (ICA), an analysis of communication experiences or also called critical event techniques. Nurdin s research (Nurdin et al., 2014) found out that the Land Procurement Committee team representing PT. PLN (Persero) Pikitring Sulmapa conducted directly the socialization of the planned development project to the government, landowners, and affected communities through two different channels. The researcher found that the evaluation by the outreach team was very simple. The outreach team would consider the socialization a success if there was a feedback from the community, and they accepted it. However, language differences remain an obstacle to the process of simplifying messages. Consequently, the messages are not absorbed properly by people who will likely get confused about the information conveyed. The aforementioned research has similarities to this research, in terms of data collection conducted by using interview techniques, and fact-finding related to the effectiveness of the communication done, while the difference rests with the objects and subjects of research. Such research was last conducted by Lestari et al (Lestari, Paripurno, Kusumayudha, & Ramadhaniyanto, 2016). The research is titled: Environmental Communication for Mount Sinabung Eruption Mitigation. The research aims to find an model of environmental communication for the eruption of Mount Sinabung in Karo Regency, North Sumatra. This study uses organizational information theory as a material of the study, and employs a descriptive qualitative research method. Data were analyzed by using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) techniques, and conducting interviews through communication drills for the Mount Sinabung disaster mitigation. The research conducted by Lestari et al (Lestari et al., 2016) produces a model of environmental communication that supports the Mount Sinabung disaster early warning system. There are similarities and differences between this research and that of the author to conduct. Both researches use Organization Information Theory as a material of study and aim to improve communication effectiveness. The differences between the two researches rest with the objects of research in which this research focuses more on mitigation programs for the community vulnerable to the eruption of Mount Sinabung. A subsequent research was carried out by Redi Panuju (Panuju, 2018) on Journalistic Ethics and Disaster Journalism in Reporting the Eruption