Pharmacotherapy and Neoteric Dietary Approaches for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an ovarian disorder secondary to the dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to androgen excess. Numerous studies have documented that insulin resistance is the key pathophysiological element for the development of PCOS. Insulin acts synergistically with luteinizing hormone (LH) to increase androgen production in the theca of the follicles. PCOS is the most malignant endocrine disorder affecting females (7%; from adolescence to menopause). PCOS results in multi-organs derangements categorized by raised androgen levels, irregular menses, and infertility with microcysts formation. The manifestation of PCOS can be specified as polycystic ovaries (morphological) and hyperandrogenemia & hyperlipidemia (metabolic derangements). Clinical hallmarks in PCOS are dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperandrogenism, microcysts in ovaries, menstrual irregularities, anovulation, and obesity. During clinical examination, a woman’s identity is markedly threatened due to hirsutism, acne, alopecia, obesity, irregular menses, and infertility symptoms. Diagnosis is based on European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/The American Society for Reproductive Medicine or Rotterdam consensus criteria. In this article, we present a precise and comprehensible glimpse of updated and efficient patient management via pharmacotherapy and diet therapy with the most practicable type of diets and their positive outcomes. Nutrients (inositol, isoflavonoids, omega-3) and their dose regimens are discussed. A calorie deficit of 500-1,000 kcal based on the patient profile has proven effective in revamping biochemical values and weight loss.