Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Ternary Hybrid Nanoparticles as Thermal Additives in H2O

Abstract

The performance of water as a heat transfer medium in numerous applications is limited by\nits effective thermal conductivity. In order to improve the thermal conductivity of water, herein we\nreport the development and thermophysical characterization of a novel metal-metaloxide-carbon\nbased ternary hybrid nanoparticles (THNp), GO-TiO2-Ag and the rGO-TiO2-Ag. The results indicate\nthat the graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide based ternary hybrid nanoparticles dispersed in\nwater enhance its thermal conductivity by 66% and 83%, respectively, even at very low\nconcentrations. Mechanisms contributing to this significant enhancement are discussed. The\nexperimental thermal conductivity is plotted against the existing empirical hybrid thermal\nconductivity correlations. We found that those correlations are not suitable for the\nmetal-metaloxide-carbon combinations, calling for the developing a new thermal conductivity\nmodels. The rheological measurements of the nanofluids display non-Newtonian behavior, and the\nviscosity reduces with the increase in temperature. Such behavior is possibly due to the non-uniform\nshapes of the ternary hybrid nanoparticles.