Archive | 2021
Knowledge of the parents about child development: an integrative review
Abstract
Objective: to analyze, in scientific production, what is the level of knowledge of parents with regard to child development and what are the factors that influence this knowledge. Method: the methodology used was that of integrative reviews. A survey was conducted in the databases LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, and SciELO, searching works indexed from 2010 to 2019. The search was carried out from March to April 2020. Results: 1,132 articles were surveyed, ten of which were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. They were used as the base of this review. The students showed the shortcomings of their parents in the detection of delays in their development milestones; an association between the knowledge level of parents and a better child development; and a higher level of knowledge in mothers. Conclusion: parents are essential for child development. Parents with more knowledge about this process are more likely to create a favorable environment for the healthy development of their children. Descriptors: Child development. Child health. Knowledge. Parents. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar na produção científica qual o nível de conhecimento dos pais sobre o desenvolvimento infantil e os fatores que influenciam nesse conhecimento. Método: utilizou-se metodologia de revisão integrativa, por meio de levantamentos nas bases de dados científicas LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, e SciELO, dos trabalhos indexados no período entre 2010 e 2019. A busca foi realizada entre março e abril de 2020. Resultados: foram levantados 1.132 artigos, dos quais dez preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram usados como base para esta revisão. Os estudos evidenciaram falha dos pais na detecção de atrasos nos marcos do desenvolvimento; associação do nível de conhecimento dos pais a um melhor desenvolvimento infantil; e maior nível de conhecimento pelas mães. Conclusão: os pais são peças fundamentais no desenvolvimento infantil. Pais que possuem maior conhecimento sobre esse processo são mais propícios a criarem um ambiente favorável para o desenvolvimento saudável de seus filhos. Descritores: Desenvolvimento infantil. Saúde da criança. Conhecimento. Pais. RESUMÉN Objetivo: analizar, en la producción científica, el nivel del conocimiento de padres sobre el desarrollo infantil y los factores que influencian ese conocimiento. Método: se utilizó una metodología de revisión integrativa por medio de encuesta en las bases de datos científicas LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, y SciELO, con trabajos indexados de 2010 a 2019. Se realizó la búsqueda entre marzo y abril de 2020. Resultados: se encontró 1.132 estudios, 10 de los cuales mostraran las fallas de los padres en detectar retardos en los marcos de los hitos del desarrollo; asociación del nivel de conocimiento de los padres a un mejor desarrollo infantil; y mayor nivel de conocimiento por las madres. Conclusión: los padres son piezas fundamentales en el desarrollo infantil. Padres con más conocimiento sobre ese proceso tienen más chances de criar un ambiente favorable al desarrollo saludable de sus niños. Descriptores: Desarrollo infantil. Salud del niño. Conocimiento. Padres. ISSN: 2238-7234 Brito LCS, et al. Knowledge of the parents about child.. 2 English Rev Enferm UFPI. 2021 10:e880. DOI: 10.26694/reufpi.v10i1.880 INTRODUCTION Child development (CD) is established in literature as a complex and dynamic process, related to the physical growth, neurological maturation, and progressive acquisition of the motor and psychocognitive skills of the child. Starting in the intrauterine life, it is an important factor for the evaluation of child health and wellbeing. Despite being continuous, qualitative, and serial, the chronology of this development can be affected by the influence of risk factors in the life of the child. These factors may have many origins: genetic, biological, associated to poor conditions of health and residence, inadequate practices of care/education, and an affected domestic environment. It has been estimated that, throughout the world, more than 250 million children are not reaching their highest development potential. Most of these children live in low and medium income countries, where they are more likely to be affected by factors such as malnutrition, poverty, low educational levels, frequent and chronic infections, and the lack of stimulus. Among the many risk factors, the knowledge of the parents about CD is frequently associated to the cognitive and socioemotional development of a child, since it allows the caregiver to understand the child and provide them with a better, more appropriate, and enriching interaction. It has been proved that mothers with more knowledge of CD are more likely to generate a proper domestic environment, that can help their child in all stages of their development. Na América, uma em cada quatro crianças com menos de cinco anos tem risco moderado a alto de atraso no desenvolvimento, uma condição na qual as crianças não atingem oportunamente a linguagem motora, cognitiva, social, comportamental ou adaptativa. The early identification of this delay and use of early intervention services are essential to optimize the health and wellbeing of children. However, knowledge about the expectations of parents about child develop has seldom received attention, from their understanding about when a child s development is late to their knowledge about which services are available and how to access them. Starting from the presupposition that parents have an essential role in the creation of an environment that is favorable to CD, and that the first identification of delays in the development takes place at home, this work is justified by the high prevalence of children with delayed development in one or more domains of the evaluation, who, according with international literature, represent from 16 to 18%. Therefore, unveiling the perception of parents about their development is paramount to seek measures to improve their knowledge and increase the chances of early diagnoses. The relevance of the scientific production directed at the knowledge of parents about CD is thus indicated. Although there are many studies that evaluate the knowledge of the parents about CD, searches revealed no literature reviews about the theme, justifying the interest in developing an integrative review about these aspects. This study is expected to contribute for a critical reflection about the practice of health assistance in the promotion of childcare, leading to better planning for this type of care, in addition to increasing the participation of the family in the process of caring. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze, in scientific production, the level of knowledge of parents with regard to child development, and the factors that influence this knowledge.