Studi Literatur Beberapa Ekstrak Tanaman yang Memiliki Aktivitas Imunostimulan

Abstract

Abstract : Infectious disease is one disease category with a high prevalence nowadays. Some plants are having potential to stimulate the immune system against pathogens that cause the diseases.\xa0Extracts of Echinacea purpurea, Morinda citrifolia, Phyllanthus niruri, Andrographis paniculata and Centella asiatica have potential as immunostimulant agents. This literature study aims to find out the activity of Echinacea purpurea, Morinda citrifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri and Centella asiatica plants as immunostimulants and its mechanism in stimulating the immune system to prevent and against infectious diseases. This literature study was conducted on twelve articles from national dan international journals, three journalr are national journals and nine journals are international journals. Four studies provided measurement cytokine levels, three studies provided measurement immune cell proliferation, two studies provided measurement antibody elevation, one study measured the phagocytosis index and another measured the ∆G value. In addition, the test method and concentration of the extract were also explained. Result from this study showed that administration of extracts of Echinacea purpurea, Morinda citrifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri and Centella asiatica increased cytokine secretion, T lymphocyte proliferation, antibodies, macrophage activity in phagocytosis and elimination of cells infected by pathogens. Keywords:\xa0 Immunostimulant, immune system, Echinacea purpurea, Morinda citrifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri, Centella asiatica. Abstrak : Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan prevalensi yang tinggi pada masa sekarang ini. Beberapa tanaman memiliki potensi untuk menstimulasi sistem imun dalam melawan pathogen penyebab penyakit. Ekstrak Echinacea purpurea, Morinda citrifolia, Phyllanthus niruri, Andrographis paniculata dan Centella asiatica berpotensi sebagai agen imunostimulan. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas tanaman Echinacea purpurea, Morinda citrifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri dan Centella asiatica sebagai imunostimulan dan mekanismenya dalam menstimulasi sistem imun untuk mencegah dan melawan penyakit infeksi. Studi literatur dilakukan dari tiga jurnal nasional dan sembilan jurnal internasional. Empat penelitian mengukur kadar sitokin, tiga penelitian mengukur prloliferasi sel imun, dua penelitian mengukur peningkatan antibodi, satu penelitian mengukur indeks fagositosis dan satu penelitian lain mengukur nilai ∆G. Selain itu dijelaskan juga metode uji dan konsentrasi ekstrak. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukan esktrak Echinacea purpurea, Morinda citrifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri dan Centella asiatica meningkatkan sekresi sitoki, proliferasi limfosit T, antibodi, aktivitas makrofag dalam memfagositosis dan pengeliminasian sel yang terinfeksi oleh patogen. Kata kunci:\xa0 Imunostimulan, sistem imun, Echinacea purpurea, Morinda citrifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri, Centella asiatica.