Physical Fields as Derivative of Deformation of Rock Massif and Technology of Their Monitoring

Abstract

Conditionally the process of stress-strain development of the medium begins with dislocation in crystals; then it runs with the formation of a zone of rock fracture and ends with the collapse of the massif (fracture under natural conditions). Each stage of the stress-strain development or the change is characterized by the specific value of the amplitudefrequency vibrations of the medium caused by this change. Massif response to the action of the deforming stress is manifested by a breakdown of the electrical connections in the crystal lattice. An assessment of modern means of personnel safety control and prevention of the state of the elements of local underground space (based on electrical and radio circuit diagrams that are not protected from electromagnetic interference) has been made. Significant disadvantages include their exposure to the human factor in the form of forced shutdown. Changes in the dipole moments in a covalent bond lead to the appearance of electromagnetic pulses, and the residual deformations in the form of dislocations create acoustic wave fields. The energy characteristic of three components of intermolecular interactions (orientation, inductive and dispersed) is given in the paper. Considering the nature of physical fields as derivatives of the deformations of the medium, which evolve over time into mechanical irreversible changes in the structure of rocks and the structural and tectonic formation of the massif, it is possible to establish a quantitative dependence of the intensity of these fields and the safety state of the developed massif. Fiber-optic sensors based on Bragg gratings are proposed as a basic technology for monitoring natural electromagnetic pulses and sound waves. Keywords—deformation; physical fields; amplitude-frequency characteristics; electromagnetic pulses; acoustic waves; monitoring; fiber-optic sensors I. RELEVANCE OF THE PROBLEM At all times production in the mining industry is conducted with a high risk. Firstly, it is still not possible to take into account the effect from the full list due to the complexity of geological situation, both in terms of structural and tectonic fragmentation and in a variety of negative factors affecting the stability of the rock massif. Secondly, this occurs due to the insufficient knowledge of the geological and structural, tectonic and geotechnical conditions of the section, both at the stage of detailed exploration and in the process of industrial development. In this work the massif is understood as the volume of rock that is of a particular interest and is prepared for industrial development and geotectonic conditions of which are subjected to the detailed study for the safe mining works. VIII All-Russian Science and Technology Conference “Contemporary Issues of Geology, Geophysics and Geoecology of the North Caucasus” (CIGGG 2018) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering Research, volume 182