Efektivitas Perendaman Daun Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) Sebagai Bioinsektisida Terhadap Mortalitas Lalat Buah (Bactrocera carambolae)

Abstract

Bioinsecticides from various plants continue to be developed in natural pest control. Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) has the potential as a bioinsecticide to control fruit flies ( Bactrocera carambolae ). The study aims to determine the effect of soaking tobacco leaves on the mortality of fruit flies. This type of research was experimental using a one factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factors tested were the duration of soaking tobacco leaves in water which consisted of soaking tobacco leaves for 48 hours (T1), soaking tobacco leaves for 96 hours (T2), and soaking tobacco leaves for 144 hours (T3. Observations were made for 48 hours with data collection every 12 hours after spraying bioinsecticides. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with the Least Significant Difference test at 5% level if the results were significantly different. The results showed that tobacco leaf treatment effectively killing fruit fly was soaking tobacco leaves for 144 hours (T3). In soaking tobacco leaves for 144 hours, both at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours, the percentage of fruit fly mortality was higher than the other treatments, respectively 12.5%, 12.5%, 25%, and 41.67%. Long soaking time increases the nicotine content of tobacco in the soaking water. The results showed that the compound content in tobacco leaves affects fruit flies mortality and can be utilised as a natural pesticide. Bioinsektisida dari berbagai tumbuhan terus dikembangkan untuk pengendalian hama secara alamiah. Tanaman tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) potensial sebagai bioinsektisida dalam pengendalian hama lalat buah (Bactrocera carambolae). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh lama perendaman daun tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) terhadap mortalitas lalat buah (Bactrocera carambolae). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktorial. Faktor yang diujikan adalah lama perendaman daun tembakau dalam air yang terdiri dari: perendaman daun tembakau selama 48 jam (T1); perendaman daun tembakau selama 96 jam (T2); dan perendaman daun tembakau selama 144 jam (T3). Pengamatan dilakukan selama 144 jam dengan pengambilan data setiap 12 jam sekali setelah penyemprotan bioinsektisida. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam dan apabila berbeda nyata dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun tembakau yang efektif membunuh lalat buah adalah perlakuan perendaman daun tembakau selama 144 jam (T3). Pada perendaman daun tembakau selama 144 jam baik pada pengamatan 12, 24, 36 dan 48 jam menunjukkan persentase mortalitas lalat buah lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya masing-masing sebesar 12.5%, 12.5%, 25% dan 41.67%. al tersebut dipengaruhi waktu perendaman sehingga kadar nikotin air rendaman tembakau lebih tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan senyawa dari daun tembakau mempengaruhi mortalitas lalat buah dan dapat digunakan sebagai pestisida alami.