Selection of adjuvants in the design of an inactivated vaccine against respiratory infections of cattle

Abstract

Infectious diseases of young farm animals are a serious problem for the livestock industry. Modern industrial technology of keeping animals, contributing to the emergence of viral diseases, often leads to a decrease in the immunological reactivity of their body, due to the underdevelopment of the immune system of young animals (primary immunodeficiency), food toxicosis, insufficient and unbalanced in various components feeding, as well as the impact of stress factors inherent in industrial technology – rearing animals, transportation, microclimate changing, forming large groups of animals, small feeding area, intensive exploitation. These factors negatively affect the immune system and metabolic processes, which leads to a significant decrease in their resistance to infectious diseases. In turn, the causative agents of viral respiratory diseases inhibit the cellular and humoral components of the immune system. Epizootological monitoring shows that viruses of infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3 and respiratory syncytial infection in cattle are the main cause of pathological processes in respiratory diseases of young animals. Animal specific prophylactic methods are effective in preventing infectious diseases. Immunization of a pregnant herd promotes the birth of young animals with a full-fledged immune system. In mixed infections, it is difficult to determine the leading role of a particular infectious agent, therefore the most effective method for preventing such diseases is associated vaccines. In the process of designing a vaccine, the selection of antigens and an adjuvant is of great importance, contributing to the formation of a specific and long-term immunity. We studied the comparative efficacy of adjuvants and the antigenic activity of the selected viral strains of infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3 and respiratory syncytial infection of cattle. The dynamics of biosynthesis of antiviral antibodies after immunization in cows were determined.