Системи інтрагангліонарного та інтранейронального контролю над латентними α-герпесвірусами у сенсорних гангліях периферичної нервової системи

Abstract

The article presents modern data on interferon‑dependent mechanisms of control of latent alpha herpesvirus in the sensory nerve ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. The data on intraganglionar control mechanisms presented by resident natural killers, natural killer T‑lymphocytes and cytotoxic T‑cells that are part of the satellite cells of the nerve node, and the system of intraneuronal defense contained in the centripetal fibers and presented by cascade system TLR‑3, which leads to the production of pre‑immune interferons‑alpha, ‑beta and ‑lambda with a visorathic action, thus counteracting the centripetal transneural spread of the virus from the periphery to the central nervous system. The joint functioning of the interferon‑dependent systems of intraganglionar and intraneuronal control of alpha herpes viruses ensures the maintenance of the latent state of the pathogen, and the disruption of their work is associated with the risk of reactivation of the virus from latency with the development of clinical symptoms. At the same time, lack of intraganglionar cellular immunity is associated with frequent herpetic eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes, while a deficiency of intraneuronal TLR‑3‑dependent immunity leads to the development of herpes virus lesions of the central nervous system\xa0— myelitis, encephalitis, and meningitis. It supports the well‑known clinical fact, that herpetic encephalitis often develops in patients without a history of frequent specific exanthema, and individuals with frequent herpetic eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes may never suffer from viral lesions of the brain and spinal cord. New knowledge about the mechanisms of retaining alpha herpesviruses in the latent state of the sensory ganglia can help in the selection of rational therapy for immunocompromised patients with episodes of herpesvirus neuroinfections with the inclusion of drugs of natural, recombinant and lymphoblastoid human alpha interferons and various inducers of interferonogenesis of chemical or natural origin. The article will be useful, first of all, to neurologists, neurosurgeons, infectious diseases specialists, clinical immunologists, pathologists, physiologists.