Development and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles containing Murraya koenigii leaves extract for management of diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by common feature of chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The main pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is decrease in number of the beta cells of pancreas. The reduction in number of beta cells corresponds to the lack of insulin which results in a peripheral underuse and hepatic overproduction of glucose which results hyperglycemia (Deepthi et al., 2017). Two major types of diabetes mellitus are: Type-I Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), characterized by the loss of insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of langerhans in the pancreas leading to a deficiency of insulin. Type-II Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), there is no loss or moderate reduction in beta cell mass; insulin in circulation is low (Olokoba et al., 2012). Conventional drug delivery systems utilized in the treatment of diabetes extend a number of drawbacks such as transient leucopenia, agranulocytosis, allergy, edema, weight gain, lipodystrophy occurs at injection site etc (Piero et al., 2014).