آثار بيت المقدس العثمانية: دراسة لمجموعة صور أرشيفية لكريزويل من سنة 1919 إلى 1920م

Abstract

This research deals with the ottoman monuments of Islamicjerusalem through studying Creswell s archival photographic collection from 1919 to 1920.\xa0 Which were taken by the English Islamic archaeologist “Keppel Archibald Cameron Creswell” or “Creswell” who visited the Muslim Orient between 1919 and 1920 before settling in Egypt where he started to work at the Institute of Islamic Archaeology and Preservation of Arab Antiquities in Egypt where he began his works, researches and articles on Islamic monuments in the Islamic world. Creswell was an officer in the British army when he began his journey from London to the Arab East, the first stop of his long journey in the field of the Islamic monuments was in Jerusalem during the Period of the British Military occupation after the end of the First World War. Creswell photographed the monuments in Jerusalem and Palestine and after that he travelled to Syria in 1919 and photographed the cities of Syria which was called Greater Syria (which included Syria, The Jorden Valley, Amman and Iraq), before travelling to Egypt. The researcher retains a great part of photos of Jerusalem and its monuments that Creswell photographed in her personal collection, and it is an original copy that Creswell printed mostly in London and later reprinted the photos throughout his life until his death in 1974 and he gave a copy to the American University in Cairo and the negatives are held in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. This paper is divided into three section: the first deals with the historical events in the Arab East in the early twentieth century. This section deals with the conspiracies that look place in the region and the historical background that led to the launch of the First World War and its impact on the Arab East and the Ottoman Empire. As for the second section, it deals with Creswell s Journey to the Arab East and Jerusalem and his documentation of their monuments. As for the third section, it presents the monuments dating from the Ottoman Era through the photographs Creswell took and a historical and architectural summary of each monument.