Study of Lipid Profile, Atherogenic Indices and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals with Prediabetes

Abstract

Background: Prediabetes is the forerunner of diabetes mellitus (DM) which is the harbinger of cardiovascular disease because of the covert change in biochemical parameters in the prediabetes state. Atherogenic indices have been utilized for evaluation of the possibility for cardiovascular disease advancement. This study was taken up to estimate the correlation between atherogenic indices, such as cardiac risk ratio (CRR), atherogenic coefficient (AC), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) with cardiovascular parameters in the pre-diabetic stage. Objectives: This study was taken up to analyze atherogenic indices (CRR, AC, and AIP) against CIMT (carotid intima-media thickness), which is a surrogate marker in cardiovascular diseases, in prediabetic individuals and find out the correlation between them. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 120 human individuals were taken among whom 60 were prediabetic individuals and 60 were healthy individuals who served as control. Atherogenic indices were estimated from routine lipid profile parameters and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was determined by ultrasonography in all subjects. Results: There was a significant increase in atherogenic indices, that is, CRR(P<0.001), AC(P<0.001), and AIP(P<0.001), HbA1c(P<0.001) and CIMT(P<0.001) in prediabetic individuals as compared to controls and the CIMT was significantly positively correlated with atherogenic indices, that is, CRR(r=0.514,p<0.01), AC(r=0.514,p<0.01), and AIP(r=0.538,p<0.01) respectively in the prediabetic group. Conclusion: Atherogenic indices may be utilized along with routine lipid parameters for the better evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis in prediabetic individuals because these indices are inexpensive, non-invasive and can be determined from routine lipid parameters.