Evaluation of Crestal Bone Loss Around Dental Implants in Cigarette Smokers

Abstract

Introduction: The success of dental implants depends on numerous factors. The harmful effects of smoking on wound healing after tooth extraction are well documented. Cigarette smoke mainly contains nicotine that delays bone healing and affects the survival of the implant. Objectives: This study was done to assess the marginal bone loss around dental implants in smokers and nonsmokers. Methods: The study included 100 individuals who received dental implants in maxillary or mandibular edentulous regions from 2015 to 2019. The sample was divided into two groups: Group A (smokers, n = 50) and Group B (nonsmokers, n = 50). Marginal bone loss was measured on the distal, mesial, buccal, and lingual side of each implant after 3,6 and 12 months using periapical radiographs. Results: The crystal bone loss around dental implants was significantly higher in smokers (Group A) as compared to nonsmokers (Group B) regardless of the period of loading (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Smoking overall lowers the success rate of dental implants. With increased duration and frequency of smoking, a higher degree of marginal bone loss around dental implants can occur.