DETERMINAN KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KECAMATAN MEDAN TEMBUNG

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a contagious disease without special antivirus to stamp out the virus causing it. DHF is spread by dengue virus through the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. According to WHO (2010), DHF is endemic in Southeast Asia and Indonesia was noted as a country with the highest case of DHF from 1968 to 2010. Medan is an area with the adequately high DHF case annualy and in 2011 it had 2,384 cases. In 2011 and 2012, the case of DHF in Medan Tembung Subdistrict was 152 and 60 respectively . The purpose of this analytical observational study with case control design was to analyze the determinants influencing the incidence of DHF in Medan Tembung Subdistrict. The sample were 86 persons for case group and 86 persons for control group. The data were obtained through observation and questionnaire-based interview. The data were analyzed through univariate analysis , bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis with Multiple Logistic Regression test. The result of bivariate analysis showed that the variables playing a role as the determinants of DHF were the presence of mosquito larvae, house layout, non Garbage Dump Site, vegetation, cleaning Garbage Dump Site, hanging clothes, sleeping habits, and using repellent . The result of multivariate analysis showed that the most influencing variable was non Garbage Dump Site. The community members are suggested to reuse, reduse, and recycle their used goods. Puskesmas improve the DHF mosquito breeding place eradication program through extension, 3M Plus, and Clean Friday activities. Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Determinant Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit menular yang belum ada antivirus khusus untuk membasmi virus penyebabnya. DBD disebabkan oleh virus dengue melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus . Gejalanya berupa demam, perdarahan, dan syok. Menurut WHO (2010), DBD endemik di Asia Tenggara. Sejak 1968-2010, WHO mencatat Indonesia dengan kasus DBD tertinggi di Asia Tenggara. Kota Medan merupakan wilayah dengan kejadian DBD yang cukup tinggi setiap tahun dan tahun 2011 mencapai 2.384 kasus (IR=113/100.000 penduduk). Tahun 2011 dan 2012, kasus DBD di Kecamatan Medan Tembung masing-masing sebanyak 152 dan 60 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis determinan yang memengaruhi kejadian DBD di Kecamatan Medan Tembung. Metode penelitian adalah analitik observasional dengan desain case control . Sampel penelitian sebanyak 86 orang kasus dan 86 orang kontrol. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi yang berpedoman pada kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat mengggunakan uji Chi-Square , dan multivariat menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik Berganda. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang merupakan determinan kejadian DBD adalah keberadaan jentik, tata rumah, non TPA, tanaman hias/tumbuhan, membersihkan TPA, menggantung pakaian, kebiasaan tidur, dan menggunakan anti nyamuk/ repellent . Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian DBD adalah non TPA. Disarankan kepada masyarakat agar mau dan mampu melakukan reuse , reduse , dan recycle terhadap barang-barang bekas; Puskesmas Sering dan Mandala tetap mempertahankan bahkan meningkatkan program Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) DBD melalui kegiatan penyuluhan, 3M Plus, dan Jumat Bersih. Kata Kunci : Demam Berdarah Dengue, Determinan