A finite element model of the human lower thorax to pelvis spinal segment: Validation and modal analysis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nSeveral finite element (FE) models have been developed to study the effects of vibration on human lumbar spine. However, the authors know of no published results so far that have proposed computed tomography-based FE models of whole lumbar spine including the pelvis to conduct dynamic analysis.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nTo create and validate a three-dimensional ligamentous FE model of the human lower thorax to pelvis spinal segment (T12-Pelvis) and provide a detailed simulation environment to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the lumbar spine under whole body vibration (WBV).\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe T12-Pelvis model was generated based on volume reconstruction from computed tomography scans and validated against the published experimental data. FE modal analysis was implemented to predict dynamic characteristics associated with the first-order vertical resonant frequency and vibration mode of the model with upper body mass of 40\xa0kg under WBV.\n\n\nRESULTS\nIt was found that the current FE model was validated and corresponded closely with the published data. The obtained results from the modal analysis indicated that the first-order vertical resonant frequency of the T12-Pelvis model was 6.702\xa0Hz, and the lumbar spine mainly performed vertical motion with a small anteroposterior motion. It was also found that shifting the upper body mass centroid onwards or rearwards from the normal upright sitting posture reduced the vertical resonant frequency.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThese findings may be helpful to better understand vibration response of the human spine, and provide important information to minimize injury and discomfort for these WBV-exposed occupational groups.