FEATURES OF LOCALIZATION OF THE WOODEN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES IN GALICIA IN URBAN PLANNING UNITS

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study on the peculiarities of the localization of wooden Roman-Catholic churches in Galicia in urban units. It is established that the architecture of wooden Roman Catholic churches in Galicia in the second half of the XVII-th – first half of the XX-th centuries depended on a number of urban factors formed under the influence of geographical zoning, political circumstances, stylistic preferences and more. There are five main types of structural organization of the settlement or its part, in which the sacred object is localized: central, linear, axial, radial, combined. It is established that the planning and three-dimensional composition of the temple complex was influenced, first of all, by the location in the settlement system, in particular, five typical schemes were revealed: 1) at the market area; 2) at the main street; 3) in the central part of the settlement on a visible elevated place; 4) in the peripheral part, near the yards of the owners of settlements; 5) on the outskirts of the settlement – in the cemetery. The first two schemes are typical to small towns. It has been confirmed that one of the main features by which it is also possible to differentiate the studied objects is orientation. It has been confirmed that the dominant role of the temple was often provided by a tower in order to establish the Latin rite in rural areas. It has been found that, unlike Polish temples, which are more often the accents in the surrounding buildings, for German towers or turrets – a mandatory element. There is a difference in the national affiliation of the church in the way of landscaping, in particular – near Polish churches planted conifers, while near the temples of German colonists – deciduous species (oaks, lindens, ashes), which was due to their traditional symbolic meaning.\xa0