Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Aedes albopictus in Dengue Hotspot Areas in Malaysia

Abstract

The vector control program has become challenging due to the resistance problem occurs in Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is the most dominant species contributing as a vector of dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses in Malaysia. Knowledge of the current insecticide resistance of Ae. albopictus is essential for the success of vector control program. Here, we reported the susceptibility status of Ae. albopictus collected from the dengue hotspot areas in the Northern District of Penang Island, Malaysia on three common use insecticides in vector control program. Aedes albopictus was sampled from three localities at Flat Hamna, Kampung Sungai Gelugor and Kampung Tanjung Tokong in the Northern District of Penang Island, Malaysia. The adult bioassay results suggested the Flat Hamna strain (FH) was found to develop incipient resistance after 24h exposure towards all three insecticides tested; permethrin, deltamethrin and malathion (mortality 97-87%). With 1.93 fold of Resistance Ratio 50 (RR50) values, FH strains have the highest chances to develop resistance towards permethrin. Among all insecticides tested, malathion was contributed to significantly higher KdT50 in all Ae. albopictus strains as compared to VCRU reference strain (p<0.001). Thus suggesting malathion insecticide is the least effective insecticide in our vector control program. Our finding can be used as a baseline for insecticide resistance of Ae. albopictus to improve vector control across Malaysia. Permethrin and deltamethrin are still reliable to be used in the control program, nonetheless require continuous monitoring on their susceptibility towards Ae. albopictus.