IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR-FAKTOR KEJADIAN STUNTING

Abstract

IDENTIFICATION OF STUNTING FACTORS Background: The problem of short children (stunting) is one of the problems that exist in the world today.\xa0 Stunting is a condition of failure to achieve physical development measured by height according to age. Stunting in children is caused by several factors consisting of both direct and indirect factors. In 2017 globally 22.2% of children under five experienced stunting. In 2018, in Indonesia 30.8%, West Java Province 29.2% and Sumedang Regency 41%. Purpose Identifying factors for stunting i n Cijeruk Village Pamulihan District Sumedang Regency. Methods: This research is a descriptive study (univariate analysis) with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study included all mothers who had stunting children aged 24-59 months in Cijeruk Village Pamulihan District Sumedang Regency. The method of sampling is total sampling with a total sample of 56 respondents. Variables in this study include history of birth weight, history of exclusive breastfeeding, maternal age, history of married mother s age, education, occupation, income and parity. Data collection tools used were stature meters, WHO Child Grow Standards and questionnaires. This study tries to find out information about the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Cijeruk Village Pamulihan District Sumedang Regency. Results: there were 56 toddlers stunted based on the sex of 24 boys (42.8%) and 32 girls (57.2%), LBW of 32 toddlers (57.2%), not given exclusive breastfeeding as many as 48 toddlers (85.7%), working mothers as many as 6 people (10.7%), high school education mothers as many as 3 people (5.3%), mothers aged 20-35 years as many as 39 people (69.6%) , the age of the first married mother age ≤20 years were 44 people (78.7%), parity 1-2 were 41 people (73.2%) and the income of parents <Rp.2,500,000 were 56 people (100%). Conclusion The most incidence of stunting in children under five in Cijeruk Village, Pamulihan District, Sumedang Regency was mostly due to the parent s income factor Suggestion The community, especially pregnant women and families with babies and children under 5 years of age, are advised to comply with and implement programs related to balanced nutrition by the government, regularly visit health services to get early detection of the health of themselves and their children and increase creativity in feeding their children. . Keywords: Stunting, factors causing stunting. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang\xa0 : Masalah anak pendek (stunting) merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang ada di dunia saat ini. Stunting merupakan salah satu kondisi kegagalan mencapai perkembangan fisik yang diukur berdasarkan tinggi badan menurut umur. Stunting pada anak disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang terdiri dari faktor langsung maupun faktor tidak langsung. Tahun 2017 secara global 22,2% balita mengalami stunting . Pada tahun 2018, di Indonesia sebesar 30,8%, Provinsi Jawa Barat 29,2% dan Kabupaten Sumedang sebesar 41%. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kejadian stunting di Desa Cijeruk Kecamatan Pamulihan Kabupaten Sumedang. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif (analisis univariat) dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini mencangkup seluruh ibu yang memiliki balita stunting dengan usia 24-59 bulan di Desa Cijeruk Kecamatan Pamulihan Kabupaten Sumedang.Cara pengambilan sampel secara total sampling dengan jumlah sampel yaitu 56 responden.Variabel dalam penelitian ini meliputi riwayat berat badan lahir, riwayat pemberian ASI ekslusif, usia ibu, riwayat usia ibu menikah, pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan dan paritas. Alat pengumpulan data berupa stature meter , WHO Child Grow Standards dan kuesioner. Penelitian ini mencoba menggali informasi mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan di Desa Cijeruk Kecamatan Pamulihan Kabupaten Sumedang. Hasil Penelitian : Didapatkan 56 balita mengalami stunting berdasarkan jenis kelamin laki-laki 24 balita (42,8%) dan perempuan sebanyak 32 balita (57,2%), BBLR sebanayak 32 balita (57,2%), tidak diberikan ASI Ekslusif sebanyak 48 balita (85,7%), ibu bekerja sebanyak 6 orang (10,7%), pendidikan ibu SMA sebanyak 3 orang (5,3%), usia ibu 20-35 tahun sebanyak 39 orang (69,6%), riwayat usia ibu menikah pertama ≤20 tahun sebanyak 44 orang (78,7%), paritas 1-2 sebanyak 41 orang (73,2%) dan pendapatan orangtua <Rp.2.500.000 sebanyak 56 orang (100%). Simpulan : Kejadian stunting pada balita di Desa Cijeruk Kecamatan Pamulihan Kabupaten Sumedang yang paling banyak dikarenakan faktor pendapatan orangtua.\xa0 Saran : Masyarakat terutama ibu hamil dan keluarga yang memiliki bayi dan anak dibawah 5 tahun disarankan agar mematuhi dan melaksanakan program terkait dengan gizi seimbang oleh pemerintah, rutin berkunjung ke pelayanan kesehatan untuk medapatkan deteksi dini tentang kesehatan diri dan anaknya serta menambah kreatifitas untuk pemberian konsumsi makan pada anaknya. Kata Kunci : Stunting , faktor penyebab stunting.