Potensi Ekstrak Daun Jamblang (Syzigium cumini L.) Sebagai Larvasida Untuk Pengendalian Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

Abstract

The leaves of jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) are known to contain active compounds including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, monoterpenens, and essensial oil. The various concentrations of jamblang leaves extract are expected to affect the mortality of 3rd instar Aedes aegypti mosquitoes larvae. The purpose of this reseacrh was to identify the active compound of jamblang leaves and determine the effective concentration of LC50 of jamblang leaves methanol extract to affect the mortality of 3rd instar A. aegypti mosquitoes larvae. This research used parts of young leaves, mixed leaves (young leaves and old leaved), and old leaves with a concentration of 0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm and three replications. Observations were made for 96 hours the mortality of 3rd instar A. aegypti mosquitoes larvae. The result showed that extract concentration became higher, the mortality of 3rd instar A. aegypti mosquitoes larvae will be higher too. The higher average mortality was found in the extract of old jamblang leaves with s concentration of 1000 ppm and the result of probit analysis showed that the LC50 value which effectively killed 3rd instar A. aegypti mosquitoes larvae was the old leaves extract with a concentration of 733 ppm. \nKey words: Aedes aegypti, larvicide, mortality, Syzygium cumini L. \nABSTRAK \nDaun jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif antara lain flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, triterpenoid, monoterpen, dan minyak atsiri. Macam konsentrasi ekstrak daun jamblang diharapkan berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas nyamuk Aedes aegypti instar III. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif daun jamblang dan menentukan konsentrasi efektif LC50 ekstrak metanol daun jamblang terhadap mortalitas larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti instar III.. Penelitian ini menggunakan bagian daun muda, daun campuran (daun muda dan daun tua), dan daun tua dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm dan tiga kali ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 96 jam terhadap mortalitas larva A. aegypti instar III. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak, maka semakin tinggi pula mortalitas larva nyamuk A. aegypti instar III. Hasil rerata mortalitas tertinggi terjadi pada ekstrak daun jamblang tua dengan konsentrasi 1000 ppm dan hasil analisa probit menunjukkan nilai LC50 yang efektif membunuh larva nyamuk A. aegypti yaitu ekstrak daun tua dengan konsentrasi 733 ppm. \nKata Kunci: Aedes aegypti, larvasida, mortalitas, Syzygium cumini L.