Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Feed Grain Processed by the Micronization Method

Abstract

The maximum use of new energy-saving technologies and mechanisms is one of the ways to increase the efficiency of animal husbandry. It is known that a significant part (up to 40%) of even grain prepared for feeding is not absorbed by the animal’s body and is excreted with excrement. And already a very unpleasant picture is observed in young farm animals and poultry. Their stomach works very poorly, and the food is digested and digested within 20%. In this regard, various methods of preparing grain for feeding are of particular importance: grinding, granulating, steaming, flattening, chemical processing, extrusion, micritization. Crushing and grinding are the cheapest ways to increase the digestibility of grain, but the efficiency is low. Granulation of compound feeds has become widespread, because of which feed losses are reduced, transportation and mechanization of distribution are facilitated, the physical and taste qualities of the diet are improved. When granulating feed under the influence of mechanical and hydrothermal processes, biochemical changes occur that increase its nutritional value and digestibility by 10%. Granulated food contributes to the enhanced work of the glands of the anterior part of the digestive tract — salivary and gastric; there is a change in the acidic regime of gastric contents, especially in the initial period of feeding granules; it has a favorable effect on intestinal digestion. It is established that when heat is supplied to the processed material from the bottom of the heating surface of the trough and from the top-from the source of infrared radiation-the temperature inside the grain is 180 °C and the pressure is 10 atm. At this temperature, the best disinsection effect is achieved, the resulting feed material becomes favorable for digestion, its mechanical strength decreases.