Photoinduced Hydrocarboxylation via Thiol-Catalyzed Delivery of Formate Across Alkenes

Abstract

Herein we disclose a new photochemical process to prepare carboxylic acids from formate salts and alkenes. This redox-neutral hydrocarboxylation proceeds in high yields across diverse functionalized alkene substrates with excellent regioselectivity. This operationally simple procedure can be readily scaled with low photocatalyst loading (0.01% photocatalyst) without the need for a flow reactor or any precautions to exclude air or moisture. Furthermore, this new reaction can leverage commercially available formate carbon isotologues to enable the direct synthesis of isotopically labeled carboxylic acids. Mechanistic studies support the working model involving a thiol-catalyzed radical chain process wherein the atoms from formate are delivered across the alkene substrate via CO2•– as a key reactive intermediate.