Prevalencia de la disfagia secundaria al tratamiento de cáncer de cabeza y cuello

Abstract

espanolLa incidencia del cancer de cabeza y cuello ha aumentado en los ultimos anos. Los tratamientos como la quimioradioterapia, han tenido efectividad en su manejo, sin embargo, se evidencian secuelas como la disfagia. El presente estudio pretende estimar la prevalencia de pacientes con disfagia orofaringea secundaria al tratamiento de cancer de cabeza y cuello atendidos en una institucion de cuarto nivel en Bogota Colombia, y describir el perfil del paciente con cancer de cabeza y cuello que presenta disfagia orofaringea en esta institucion. Se realizo un estudio retrospectivo transversal de prevalencia en disfagia orofaringea reportada en el servicio de consulta externa de una institucion de cuarto nivel especializada en atencion a pacientes oncologicos. Se revisaron las historias clinicas reportadas de agosto a octubre del ano 2016, se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 3 anos, con diagnostico subjetivo de disfagia orofaringea segun Escala FOIS (Funtional Oral Intake Scale). Se identificaron 56 pacientes de los cuales 36 presentaban disfagia orofaringea segun la evaluacion clinica. La edad media fue de 57,1 anos de los cuales el 58,3% eran mujeres. Estos pacientes a traves de su proceso oncologico recibieron diferentes tratamientos medicos en diferentes combinaciones. Ocho pacientes lograron la rehabilitacion de la disfagia. No se evidencio correlacion estadistica entre las variables sexo y tipo de cancer mediante test χ²(P EnglishHead and neack cancer have increased. The chemoradiotherapy treatment is effective for the cancer managment. However, there are consequences such as dysphagia. To estimate the prevalence of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia secondary to head and neck cancer treated in a fourth level institution in Bogota - Colombia, and to describe the patient profile with head and neck cancer that presents oropharyngeal dysphagia within this institution. A retrospective cross-sectional study of prevalence in oropharyngeal dysphagia was reported in the external query service of a fourth-level institution specialized in cancer care. The reported medical charts were took from august to october of 2016 were patients older than 3 years and with a subjective diagnosis of oropharyngeal dysphagia according to the Oral Intake Scale Funtional Oral scale (FOIS) were included. 56 patients were identified, 36 of whom had oropharyngeal dysphagia according to the clinical evaluation. The average age was 57.1 years of which 58.3% were women. These patients, through their cancer process, received different medical treatments in different combinations. Eight patients achieved rehabilitation of dysphagia. There was no statistical correlation between the variables sex and type of cancer by means of the χ² test (P <0.014). It is concluded that dysphagia is a significant effect secondary to the treatment of head and neck cancer with a prevalence of 64.28% in the sample most frequently selected in women. The successful recovery of dysphagia does not depend on independent factors of age and sex, showing more influence of the modality of cancer