Clinicopathological Characteristics and Response to Chemotherapy in Treatment-Naive Epstein–Barr Virus Associated Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background Epstein–Barr virus associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is a special subtype of gastric cancer. However, the perioperative treatment plan and the response to chemotherapy are still uncertain. Methods We retrospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with EBVaGC from March 2013 to July 2020 in Beijing Cancer Hospital. Clinicopathological characteristics were recorded. Disease-free survival (DFS) were then calculated, and variants affecting DFS were tested in a Cox proportional regression model. Results One hundred sixty consecutive patients were finally included in our study. Of the patients, 96.9% had adenocarcinoma, while five had squamous cell carcinoma component. Most (70.9%) of them were poorly differentiated. Prevalent programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (69%) and minor HER-2 (3.8%) expression were noticed; all of the patients were MMR proficient (pMMR) or microsatellite stable (MSS). Among 33 patients who experienced neoadjuvant therapy, the number of tumor regression grade (TRG) 1, TRG 2, and TRG 3 was 5, 16, and 12, respectively. Patients with advanced tumor stage and T stage showed poorer response. Thirty-one patients experienced first-line chemotherapy; ORR was 33.3%, and DCR was 61.9%. One hundred forty-seven patients underwent surgery, and 27 of them showed disease recurrence; the 3-year DFS rate was 71.0%. Tumor stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, vascular invasion, and negative PD-L1 expression were associated with poorer DFS. Vascular invasion was the independent risk factor of DFS. Only seven patients reached OS with median follow-up time of 14 months. Conclusion EBVaGC exhibits unique clinicopathological characteristics. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may not be suitable for EBVaGC, and EBVaGC exhibited relatively poor response to chemotherapy.