Strong Photo-Oxidative Capability of ZnWO4 Nanoplates with Highly Exposed {0 1 1} Facets

Abstract

ZnWO4 nanoplates with highly exposed {011} facets were synthesized via a hydrothermal technique. The phase, morphology, and optical characteristics of ZnWO4 nanoplates were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X–ray diffraction, diffuse ultraviolet–visible light (UV–Vis) reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry, and PL lifetime spectroscopy. Optical characterizations, along with the density functional calculations, confirm that the strong blue PL band of ZnWO4 nanoplates originates from the intrinsic defects in ZnWO4 nanoplates. Furthermore, photocatalytic tests show that ZnWO4 nanoplates exhibit strong photo-oxidative capability of complete mineralization of the organic pollutant (methyl orange) in water, whereas ZnWO4 nanoparticles can only cleave the organic molecules into fragments. The superior photo-oxidative capability of ZnWO4 nanoplates can be attributed to the specific chemical bonding and stereochemistry on the exposed facets. This work demonstrates that crystal facet engineering is an efficient strategy to endow ZnWO4 with strong photo-oxidative capability.