Effects of Heat Treatments on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Produced by Laser Solid Forming

Abstract

The steep thermal gradient and complicated thermal cycle occur in the fabrication of Ti6Al4V alloy during laser solid forming (LSF). That leads to obvious anisotropic mechanical properties and requires essential heat treatments to improve its performance. In this work, different heat treatment strategies under vacuum condition were used to study the evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by LSF. The results show that transformation from α phase into lamellar α + β dual-phases structure is introduced at low temperature (550 °C), and the α phase is broken and refined at higher temperature (800 °C). Tensile tests present the increase of elongations in the horizontal and vertical directions by 12.4% and 13.2% for specimens treated by two-step heat treatment (750 °C × 4 h + 500 °C × 1 h). Fatigue crack growth (FCG) lives of LSFed Ti6Al4V alloy after different heat treatments were improved due to the elimination of residual tensile stress and the transformation of α phase into α + β dual-phase structure. Specimens treated at 800 °C for 4 h exhibit a higher fatigue life among those heat-treated alloys. The low sensitivities of the FCG behavior in the Paris-zone to different heat treatments under vacuum condition are explored in the FCG testing of Ti6Al4V alloy.